Protective Charm, Amulet, Talisman.
Amulet: (from Latin *amuletum* – devotional pendant) – an object believed to protect against misfortune, illness, spells or all evil. Another name – talisman. Amulets have been known since primitive times. They were made of clay, cast in metal, carved from bone and wood, decorated with engravings, enamels and other decorative elements. In primitive art, amulets included anthropomorphic figures, images of birds, animals and other symbols of pagan mythology.
Jewelry from the 10th–13th centuries also features talismans reflecting remnants of pagan beliefs among Ukraine-Rus population: round pendants as Sun symbols, lunulae – Moon symbols, bells as protective charms against evil spirits, small keys – wealth symbols, axe pendants – symbols of Perun and others. Christian amulets include pectoral crosses, encolpions (folding crosses), icons depicting Christ, Mary, saints Nicholas, Panteleimon and others. Some crosses were adorned with enamels. Often pagan and Christian symbolism combined in one item: crosses in circles, round pendants with Christian saints on one side and pagan motifs on the other.
The intertwining of pagan and Christian motifs persisted in ethnographic materials until the early 20th century.
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